Hazards, Risks and Control Exercise

Hazards, Risks and Control Exercise

Introduction

When considering driving a modern car in such an old environment and street, it is important to keep in mind the level of construction in that era. The road construction in general includes the design, manufacture and maintenance of roads and trails. In a broader sense, the road construction component is one of the subareas of civil engineering. The duties of the street and road construction include the manufacture or maintenance of roads fasteners for cars, cyclists and pedestrians. The application of road construction is necessary since grown soil cannot absorb the stress. The road works closely with the earthworks together, as in the course of road construction usually soil must be changed in its position. The continuation of transportation planning is important in reference to outside of the villages to continue urban planning. The road construction also affects other areas of civil engineering, such as the bridge or the foundations (Weller, 2010).

Development of modern roads (1800s)

Only at the beginning of the 18th Century there were new developments in the field of road construction. Primarily, it was French engineers; Ingénieur des ponts et chaussées hired the appropriate investigations. For this purpose in 1716 a corps of ingénieurs des ponts et chaussées was founded, here is the name of Daniel Charles Trudaine to name (1702-1769). They noted that the durability is directly related to the carrying capacity of the base and with the density of the top layer. French engineers were sought in other parts of Europe for ways to make the road more economical. The Scotsman John MacAdam developed a gravel construction; the grain structure was from bottom to top, fine. With the increase in traffic and the wheel load increased the demands on the road surfacing. A particular problem was the dust. For this reason we started using binders (tar and bitumen) to bind to the surface. In the 19th Century brought new materials and construction methods. The use of advanced equipment, the possibilities further. With the advent of the motor vehicle traffic and the increasing demands of the traffic areas bound top layers were applied and further developed (Ware, 1903).

Before 1804, the roads leading from one locality to another, that is to say the roads in Bellefontaine Chaux-Neuve Chapelle des Bois and Foncines the two were in a bad state, that it n ' was little that anyone interested in ...