BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION

Behavioral Observation

Behavioral Observation

Introduction

Development of all kinds of processes such as perception, memory, concept formation, problem solving, imagination and logic are in cognitive development.

Summary of Piagetian tasks

Theory of cognitive development has been developed by Swiss philosopher and psychologist Jean Piaget. His epistemological theory provided many of the basic concepts in the field of developmental psychology and examines the growth of intelligence, which, according to Piaget, means the ability to more accurately reflect the world and perform logical operations on the concepts that arise in the interaction with the outside world. Theory considers the emergence and construction schemes - schemes that the perception of the world a "development stage", the time when the kids are getting new ways of presenting information in the brain (Afsaneh, 2010, 1017). Piaget's theory maintains that children pass through specific stages as his intellect and ability to perceive relationships mature (Atkinson, 1968, 34).

Stage of Cognitive development

These stages are developed in a fixed order for all children, and in all countries. No obstante, however, this can vary slightly from one child to another. The stages are:

Sensorimotor stage

This stage takes place between birth and age two, as children begin to understand the information his senses and his ability to interact with the world. During this stage, children learn to manipulate objects, but cannot understand the permanence of these objects if they are within range of your senses. That is, once an object disappears from view of the child cannot understand that there is still the object (or person). For this reason they find it so compelling and surprising game that many adults play with their children, consistent in hiding his face behind an object such as a cushion, and then return to "appear" (Barbara, 2006, 59).

Preoperational stage

It starts when you understand object permanence, and extends from two to the seven years. During this stage, children learn how to interact with their environment in a more complex by the use of words and mental images. This stage is marked by self-centeredness, or the belief that all people see the world the same way he or she. They also believe that inanimate objects have the same perceptions that they and you can see, feel, hear, etc (Bartlett, 1932, 54).

A second important factor at this stage is the Conservation, which is the ability to understand that the amount does not change when the shape changes. That is, if the water in a short, wide glass is poured into a tall and thin, children at this stage believe that the glass contains more water higher only because of its height. This is due to the inability of children to understand the reversibility and because they focus on one aspect of the stimulus, such as height, regardless of other aspects such as the width (Bates, 1998, 590).

Concrete operational stage

This stage occurs between seven and twelve years in length and is marked by a gradual decline of egocentric thinking and increased ability to focus on more than one aspect of a stimulus (Chi, ...