COGNITIVE SCIENCE

Contribution of Cognitive Science

Contribution of Cognitive Science

History

The phenomenon is studied in the philosophy of knowledge, from Parmenides and Plato over two thousand years. In the philosophical theory of knowledge it has traditionally raised the question of the knowability of the world, the identity of thinking and being, sources of knowledge, the boundaries of knowledge, the criteria of truth, and many others, which analyzed the nature of knowledge. They were identified by ontological and socio-cultural conditioning of knowledge(Wilson, 2001, 78). The problems of methodology knowledge distinguished different cognitive practices as models of cognition. In the XX century knowledge begins to be studied not only in philosophy but also means of specific sciences - psychology, physiology, medicine, cybernetics, and linguistics. In the behavioural model of human behaviour is described by the "stimulus - reaction." From the middle of the twentieth century the interests of scientists focused on cognitive themes, formed a new, compared to the behavioural and understanding of human behaviour as a deterministic knowledge.

Cognitive science is a child of the fifties, the product of a time when psychology, anthropology and linguistics are redefining themselves and computer science and neuroscience as disciplines were coming (Thelen, 2006, 147). Psychology could not participate in the cognitive revolution until it had freed itself from behaviourism, thus restoring cognition to scientific respectability. By then, it began to be evident in various disciplines that the solution to some of their problems was to solve problems traditionally allocated to other disciplines. Cognitive Science emerged in the mid-twentieth century in America with the intention to undertake the study of human reasoning in an empirical, scientific and interdisciplinary, compared with previous studies on purely philosophical epistemology (Skinner, 2007, 705). These claims were supported by experiments in psychology that pointed to the need to study the internal operating mechanisms of the brain in contrast to the prevailing theory of behaviourism, and the apparent similarity of the logical processes and emerging computers certain neurological processes. Thus, it appeared that there were the basis scientific and technical tools necessary to undertake such study. Little by little, seeing the magnitude of the undertaking and the result of need to expand and even change the explanatory framework were adding new cognitive science disciplines, such as linguistics and philosophy.

An experimental study as full potential of human reasoning allows the approach Cognitive Science broader philosophical perspective consider the human aspects, both biological and social, involved in thinking. These studies Experimental, although not shown questionable conclusive, however have accumulated a sufficient number of evidences such as Philosophy to show that neither the thought occurs However; it is not independent of the environment in which we live (Shannon, 2006, 377). This establishes a special relationship between Cognitive Science and philosophy. It tries to establish scientific principles of thought, which would also apply to philosophy. This is for providing some theories on which to build the Science Cognitive and pointing to its limitations.

Cognitive science

Cognitive Science is a new interdisciplinary field that, in order to understand the ...