CONFECTIONARY COMSUMPTION

Confectionary Consumption

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION4

Purpose of the Study4

Problem Statement5

Background of the Problem / Overview of the Study5

Research Question6

Aims and Objectives of the Study6

Rationale7

Significance of the Study8

CHAPTER 210

LITERATURE REVIEW10

Micro Environment setting10

Macro Environment setting10

Physical Environment11

Economic Environment11

Political Environment12

Socio-cultural Environment12

Sugar consumption12

Sugar consumption and obesity14

Personal factors15

Socio - demographic charactoristics15

Gender15

BMI15

Psychological factors17

Knowledge of snacks and sweet beverages consumption17

Attitude toward snacks and sweet beverages consumption17

School Food Environment18

Physical environment Availability of snacks and sweet beverages19

Number of food shops19

Political Environment20

Food rule20

CHAPTER 323

METHODOLOGY23

Study design23

Study population23

Sample Size23

Research instrument24

Questionnaire24

Data Collection Method24

Data Analysis25

CHAPTER 426

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS26

CHAPTER V59

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION59

Conclusion59

Recommendation61

Recommendation for principal of the school61

REFERENCES64

Chapter 1: Introduction

Purpose of the Study

There is increasing concern that a high consumption of ready-to-eat foods such as confectionery may be associated with poor dietary quality and an increase in susceptibility to obesity in children. These concerns are reinforced by evidence that fat and sugar levels are particularly high in snacks purchased from tuck shops in schools1. In a sample of 5-16-year-old schoolchildren living in Saudi Arabia (Dammam), snacks were shown to provide one third of simple sugars and more saturated than polyunsaturated fat. Furthermore, in the absence of good oral hygiene, an increased frequency of snacking on products high in fermentable carbohydrates sugar may lead to dental caries. However, recent analyses have shown that the top five sources of sugars (68% in total) in the KSA diet contribute only 11% of dietary fat4 and snacks provide 33% of key micronutrients including iron, calcium, vitamin C, thiamine and riboflavin(Food and Nutrition Board 2002). Furthermore, the rising prevalence of obesity is most closely associated with trends in reduced physical activity rather than an increase in dietary intake. Several studies have examined patterns of confectionery consumption in a variety of population groups in relation to increasing an individual's susceptibility to obesity and encouraging a diet of 'poor quality'. Work by Gibson has shown that above-average intakes of cakes, biscuits and confectionery in British schoolchildren did not have a detrimental effect on nutrient intakes (Gibson Neate 2007 pp.445-460). The highest consumers of these foods also tended to consume more of other foods, and as a consequence had higher intakes of energy and nutrients.

Problem Statement

The children are being bombarded with candy from every direction. Chocolate bars, gum, suckers, and assorted gummy candies line the checkout lanes in grocery stores. School fundraisers sell candy bars, cookies, and brownies in the hallways during lunch hours. Every mall, skating rink, soccer complex, movie theater, and even the video store has a place to buy candy (Saris 2003 pp.850S-857S). And then there are the holidays. Eid gift boxes bulge with every kind of candy imaginable. Candy is everywhere and its presence wreaking havoc on children's teeth and waistlines.

Background of the Problem / Overview of the Study

There is reasonable evidence that a high intake of confectionary is associated with a greater risk of weight gain and obesity. A number of US studies shows a strong cross-sectional association between confectionary consumption and excess energy intake in adolescence and NZ children who consumed confectionary more than once a ...