Diabetes Management of Young Adults

by

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

Outline of the Study1

Background1

Aim of this research3

Research Question3

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW4

Diabetes etiology, prognosis, and treatment4

Emerging adulthood4

Effective interventions for emerging adults with diabetes5

Diabetes self-management in emerging adulthood6

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY7

Methodology7

Participants7

CHAPTER 4: ANTICIPATED RESULT8

REFERENCES9

Chapter 1: Introduction

Outline of the Study

This research concentrates on the several facets of diabetes management and incorporates the following chapters:

Introduction

In this chapter, a brief background of the study, research aim and research questions will be discussed.

Literature Review

This chapter will discuss the literature related to the study and provide information about diabetes in young adults, interventions for these adults and self-management of these adults to care for their diabetes.

Methodology

This chapter will present the methodology that will be used to conduct the study.

Anticipated Result

The final chapter will highlight the result anticipated from this study.

Background

Diabetes is one of the most significant health threats of the 21st century. It is a leading cause of disability and mortality, and its prevalence has increased to the point that it has been termed an epidemic. In the United States, diabetes is the seventh-leading cause of death and a significant risk factor for heart disease and stroke, the first- and third-leading causes of death respectively (National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse [NDIC], 2008). It is also the number one cause of renal failure, new cases of blindness, and non-traumatic amputations (NDIC). Currently, 7.8% of the US population is estimated to have diabetes, and recent projections suggest that by 2031, that figure will nearly double to 14.5% (Mainous et al., 2007). As healthcare expenditures for individuals with diabetes are approximately 2.3 times higher than for those without diabetes (NDIC), this increase in prevalence will exact a significant economic cost in addition to its impact on the health and quality of life of millions of people.

Numerous studies have sought to determine the optimal mechanisms for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of diabetes and its complications. In the area of behavioral and educational interventions, meta-analyses have shown these approaches to produce moderate short-term improvements in glycemic control that decay significantly within three months of completing the intervention (Norris et al., 2002). Among studies that followed participants for at least a year following the intervention, only two out of 12 found any significant effects (Norris et al., 2001). A consistent challenge in diabetes care is patients' adherence to recommended treatments, with non-adherence estimated at 32.5%, among the highest rate of any chronic disease (DiMatteo, 2004). Particularly after the introduction of intensive treatment for type 1 diabetes following the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial [DCCT] (DCCT Research Group, 1993), it has been suggested that treatment recommendations for this form of diabetes have become too complex to be practical in real world settings (Hood, Peterson, Rohan & Drotar, 2009).

Young adulthood has been identified as a period of particular vulnerability to negative health outcomes for individuals with diabetes. Their mortality rates are three= times higher than their non-diabetic peers, as compared to an approximate twofold increase for diabetics overall, and they are at elevated risk for mental ...