Masculinity Norms, Stereotypes, and Ideologies

by

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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I would like to express my thanks to my advisor, for his suggestions, comments, patience and understanding. Very special thanks to my parents, my father, my mother, my brother and my sister who were continuously supporting me throughout my life and leaving me free in all my decisions. I would also like to thank my colleagues for his technical support whenever I needed. I would like to thank to Department, all the university managers, teachers and students with whom I have worked.

DECLARATION

I declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. I further declare that this work has not previously been presented in whole or part, for any other award, or published in whole or in part elsewhere, including this university. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

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Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTii

DECLARATIONiii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

Research Questions1

Scope of the Research2

Objective of the Research2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW4

Masculinity and Health Behaviors4

The Approach4

The Impact5

The Research5

Psychological distress, Masculinity ideology and self-threat6

The Behaviour Aspects6

Health Promoting Behaviors7

Stereotypes and Ideologies in the process of human development7

What is sexual stereotyping and how it arises?8

Conformity to Masculine Norms8

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY10

Ethical Issues11

Limitations11

CHAPTER 4: EXPECTED CONCLUSIONS13

REFERENCES14

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Beyond the changes in society, masculinity and femininity ideology patriarchal gender seems unchanged and in effect. It is the view from which the group is social structure and individual identity: they think of themselves, their actions, their feelings, to his works and others. It is a fossilized ideology, because it expresses and synthesizes immutable social separations. It is characterized by each gender is irreducible in the other: social differences are made ??subjectively as exclusive and antagonistic by nature. In these times of rapid and major changes, the inquiry into the identity becomes relevant for the changes that are being incorporated into the ways in which meaning is constructed and identity has become more complex as the economic, political, scientific, technical, social and the impact on all spheres of social life have been movements' minority and excluded. Men and women have been, therefore, the imprint of a hierarchical structure of relations of domination involved in the construction of masculinity and femininity (From the very heart of our representations socio-symbolic) as expressions founding of gender identity and sexual identity. In recent years, studies of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) showed that the practice of these behaviors associated with masculine traits of the dominant culture is a serious health risk for men (Addi, 2003).

Research Questions

How are masculinity norms, stereotypes, and ideologies related to help-seeking behaviors?

Are stereotypes and ideologies related to help-seeking behaviors?

Scope of the Research

The scope of this research is to compare traditional masculinity ideology, conformity to masculine norms and gender role conflict to determine how these variables are associated with masculinity, self-assessment of risk behaviors to health and negative attitudes toward seeking psychological ...