MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION

Mean and Standard Deviation

Mean and Standard Deviation

1. The researchers analyzed the data they collected as though it were at what level of measurement?

a. Nominal

b. Ordinal

c. Interval/ratio

d. Experimental

The study by Tsay and Hung that is the effectiveness of an empowerment program on empowerment level, self - care, self - efficacy and depression in patients with end - stage renal disease (ESRD) is based on the two types of data that is the experimental and the controlled. In the data, Tsay and Hung administered both the control that is n = 25 and the experimental that is n = 25 groups at the base line and six weeks after the empowerment program was completed.

Therefore, it can be said that the researchers did the experimental research. The experimental level of measurement involves experimental manipulation of a variable is not checked in rigorously controlled conditions, to describe how or why because there is a particular situation or event. This research that is, the effectiveness of an empowerment program on empowerment level, self - care, self - efficacy and depression in patients with end - stage renal disease (ESRD) is an experiment precisely because Tsay and Hung created a situation to make certain study variables manipulated by them, to control the increase or decrease in that variable, and its effect on the observed behaviors of the patients. Tsay and Hung deliberately handle the experimental variable and then see what happens in the controlled situations.

The experimental investigation by the Tsay and Hung were based on the following steps;

- Delineate and define the subject of the inquiry or problem. Is to identify clearly the objectives of the experiment and is required to answer questions. Then indicate the independent variables, the dependent constant parameters and the precision required in measuring the variables. It takes into account the existing literature, the region of interest the results, the equipment available and their accuracy, and time and money available (Jack, 2007).

- The hypothesis, to do so we must be certain what type of work to be performed, if this is to verify a hypothesis, or a model law, no need to raise a working hypothesis, if the work is a complement or extension of another, the researchers may be able to use the original working hypothesis or make a small change, if the research problem is new, then it is necessary to propose a working hypothesis. The effectiveness of an empowerment program on empowerment level, self - care, self - efficacy and depression in patients with end - stage renal disease (ESRD) begins with an assumption, a hunch or idea of how the phenomenon can occur. These ideas should be clear enough to advance a tentative result of how this phenomenon can occur; this result is tentative hypothesis.

2. What was the mean post - test empowerment score for the control group?

In the study by the Tsay and Hung, the mean value for the post - test empowerment score for the control group is ...