Multi-Drug Resistance Organisms

Introduction

The multi-drug resistance organisms also known as MDRO's are the bacteria resistance to the present therapy of antibiotic which is very challenging to treat. The MDRO's also causes very serious systematic and local infections which can be rigorously life-threatening and devastating for the person who's suffering from it. Thus, the pas experience shows that MDRO's were predominantly limited to the healthcare facilities which include dialysis centers, long-term facility care and hospitals. Moreover, in present year, it is found that these organisms are found among people in various community settings across the country, this includes day-care centers, well-populated areas, prisons as well as schools (Gary, 81-83).

Thesis statement

The paper explains multiple drug resistant organisms and its prevention to control from such infections.

Types of MDRO

The types of MDRO's includes the:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aurous (MRSA)

Tuberculosis (TB)

Clostridium difficile infections (C-diff)

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Acinetobacter

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aurous (MRSA)

MRSA can cause life-threatening infections and generally only can be treated with antibiotics intravenously very expensive. A drug resistant strain of potentially deadly bacteria crossed the borders of U.S. hospitals and is spreading, researchers said. Experts said that the Staphylococcus aurous resistant to methicillin, or MRSA, is beginning to appear outside hospitals in San Francisco, Boston, New York and Los Angeles.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis has reemerged as a public health problem of great magnitude. Amiddle of the last decade worldwide were reported about 8million new cases, with a mortality of 3 million annually and hasestimated that one third of the world population is infected with M. tuberculosis.In the eighth annual report of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2004,the number of new TB cases increased by 8.8 million by 2002, which 3.9 million were smear positive (Mosby, 56-79).

Clostridium difficile infections (C-diff)

Clostridium difficile infection is also known as Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea. It occurs when bacteria (germs) called Clostridium difficile or C. difficile, affecting the colon. The colon is also called the large intestine. The colon connects the small intestine to the anus. The water from digested food is absorbed in the colon. Digested food becomes feces.

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Enterococci are bacteria found naturally in the intestines of all people. However, certain strains of enterococci have become resistant to vancomycin, an antibiotic. These resistant strains are called VRE.

In general, enterococci are not harmful or virulent. This is a feature of both varieties as sensitive or resistant not resistant to the antibiotics. However, when VRE infects the urinary tract, surgical wounds or blood of hospitalized patients, treatment can be difficult and occasionally life threatening. Normal precautions should be taken, including hand washing and using gloves. By following these steps, healthy household residents are not at risk of becoming infected with VRE. Dishes and utensils can be washed in a dishwasher or with warm soapy water and then rinsed. The bedding and clothing can be washed in a washing machine with a standard detergent for clothes.

Acinetobacter

Acinetobacter is a genus of bacteria Gram-negative belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria. Acinetobacter species are bacilli strictly aerobic non-fermenting, non-motile, oxidase -negative presented in pairs to the microscope. Are widely distributed in ...