NETWORK ARCHITECTURES AND SERVICES

Network Architectures and Services



Network Architectures and Services: Submarine Communications Cable

Introduction

Submarine communications cable - a cable that is used to transfer data and laid under water at the bottom of the pond. The first undersea cables transmit a telegraph signal. Subsequent generations of cables transmit telephone traffic and data. All modern cables use fiber optic technology. As of the 2003 submarine cables link all the continents except Antarctica.

Brief History of Submarine Cable Communications

With this system it was possible to build in 1852, the first submarine cable linking the United Kingdom and France through the Channel. In 1855 the project was approved to build the first transatlantic cable that was out of service soon. In 1865 he launched the second project, used was the largest ship that existed at the time the Great Eastern. Later in the decade of the 60, submarine cables were installed consisting of coaxial pairs , allowing a large number of telephone channels analog , the order of 120 to 1 800, which at the time was a lot. Finally, the fiber optic submarine cables have made ??possible the transmission of signals digital carrier for voice, data, television, etc. with transmission speeds up to 2.5 Gbps , which equates to more than 30 000 telephone channels of 64 kbps .

Requirements and Options for Submarine Cable Communications

Laying of submarine communications cable in the water is carried out similarly laying traditional copper-wire connection, preferably with the use of cable laying. As a rule, used in laying submarine cable containing the metal structural elements only in the form bronepokrovov, as well as a constant presence in the water (spacer through the swamps, on river crossings, in deep water reservoirs, etc.), with shells of the type " ALPET "and" STALPET. When laying an submarine cable in rocky soils, in soils with cryogenic phenomena, the transitions through the navigable rivers used an submarine cable with the highest values ??allowed by the tensile force - up to 80 kN. When laying an submarine cable to the complex parts of the route (river crossings, swamps, ravines, areas with a large number of underground facilities - gas and oil pipelines, etc.) using the method of horizontal directional drilling that allows you to carry out drilling horizontal directional wells (with further tightening in its protective tube and an submarine cable) over a distance up to 1.2 km at a depth of several meters below the intersected obstacle.

Laying an submarine cable to the deep oceans is carried out directly on the bottom surface, the mechanical requirements for submarine fiber are determined by specific conditions gaskets.

Applications for Use

The optical submarine cable "Hannibal" connects, via Sicily, Tunisia pan-European Interoute, which provides more capacity and better resistance to meet the growing demand for Internet services. This cable adds a new route to Tunisia, alongside the submarine cables Sea-Me-We-4 and Keltra and Tunisie Telecom to offer an international network more reliable and secure. The total capacity of the cable is ...