NEURAL STEM CELL

Neural Stem Cell

ABSTRACT

In recent years, we have seen how stem cells or stem has grown from a concept of scientific interest mainly in the field of developmental biology, to occupy many pages in scientific journals and the press. I think the knowledge in this field of medicine have been occurring almost daily so triggered the expectations of patients and physicians that stem cells will help cure many devastating human diseases such as diabetes, disease Parkinson, myocardial infarction, or many others. In the centre of scientific debate, political and ethical stood and research using embryonic stem cells. Finally, we discuss what some clinical applications in development today are and what can be, at least from our point of view, the future in this field.

Table of Contents

Introduction1

Neural Stem Cells1

Discovery of the Existence of Neural Stem Cells2

How and where are stem cells and neural progenitors in the brain?3

Applications of Neural Stem Cells5

Prospects of the Therapeutic Use of Stem Cells Neural6

Neural Stem Cell

Introduction

Stem cells are unique cells capable of differentiating into specialized cell types when required. Stem cells aid in the healing process of injuries by regenerating the lost areas of the body. Broken bones, ripped muscles, cut or scratched skin and other possible damages are covered with stem cells of the body. They regenerate forming into the specialized cells (muscle cells, bone cells, blood cells, skin cells, etc.) to make up for the loss. Stem cells are further categorized in terms of their sources; embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are derived from a four to five days old human embryo, which further divide and specialize to form different parts organs and other body structures. Adult stem cells, or somatic stem cells, are found within different types of tissues. These remain in a dormant state for years until stimulated by a disease or injury (Imura & Kornblum, 2003).

Neural Stem Cells

The brain is a complex organ. Until the end of 20 e century, it was considered as stable, with no mechanism for neuronal regeneration, which would vitiate the theory that the brain must be stable to be stored memories and thoughts at throughout life. From the 1960s through the sophisticated biology techniques cellular and molecular, many observations have followed and helped highlight what was once considered a heresy born neurons in the adult brain throughout life in mammals. Some of the questions related to neuron stem cell are:

What are the areas where neurogenesis occurs in its infancy and adulthood?

What are the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the neurogenesis; what is the epigenetic determinism?

How to use these mechanisms to generate neural cells when needed; what are the possible therapeutic applications?

Discovery of the Existence of Neural Stem Cells

The view that the adult brain is considered stable based on the difference of plasticity between the brain of a fetus and a child with that of an adult. It has long been that the brain of a young child is able to reorganized according to external stimuli, and can regenerate ...