[Restructuring and providing services in Sunderland City Council]

by

Acknowledgement

Iwould take this opening to thank my study supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this study would not have been possible.

DECLARATION

I, [type your full first names and last name here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis comprise my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not before been submitted for learned written test towards any qualification. Furthermore, it comprises my own attitudes and not necessarily those of the University.

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Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION6

Background of the study7

Problem Statement7

Research Aims and Objectives8

Purpose of the paper8

Significance of the Study8

Rationale/ Nature of the study9

Research Questions9

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW10

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY17

Research Design17

Literature Search17

Keywords17

Search technique18

REFERENCES19

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

The Sunderland South area is characterised to the west and south-west by the A19, to the north by the River Wear, by the coast in the east and by the south boundary of the town with Easington locality in County Durham.  As well as the most of the initial town of Sunderland, the locality furthermore comprises large country tracts, including the village of Burdon.The northern part of the locality is more urbanised and densely developed; it encompasses the town Centre.  The southern part is distinuished by a number of distinct settlements, including the up to date Doxford reserve township and former mining villages which have been incorporated into Sunderland. (Redclift 1999:30)

The breaks between these settlements encompass the Ryhope-Silksworth crescent, in which major recreational amenities have been created on reclaimed colliery locations. Despite encompassing some of the more prosperous and appealing parts of the town, Sunderland South furthermore comprises some of the most deprived areas.  Localities with a especially high concentration of troubles are the East End/ Hendon and Pennywell/ Thorney Close, pain from somewhat high job loss, ageing high-density housing, couple of modern retail outlets, deficiencies in open space provision and a poor value environment. In community terms, this is the biggest of the Plan localities, having around 128,500 inhabitants in 1991; almost half of the City's population.  Between 1981-1991 the area glimpsed an overall decline in population. (Ophuls 2003:9)

The utmost deficiency have been in outside wards - St. Chad's and Grindon, whilst rises in population were skilled in Hendon (one of the largest development rates in the City), Thornholme and Silksworth. The age structure very much reflects the City average.  The new lodgings localities of South Hylton, Silksworth and Ryhope demonstrate an above mean junior population.  Central and St. Chad's have high proportions of lone pensioners.  South Hylton, Grindon and Thorney Close have somewhat high percentages of lone parent households and these three wards also demonstrate high figures of families with 3 or more children. The locality has, over the last 20 years, had to acclimatize to large scale industrial change with the run-down of excavation and shipbuilding.  In overall terms the grade of unemployment stood above the City average.  The grade of unemployment remains especially high in Thorney Close, South Hylton, centered, Thornholme and Grindon wards. (Pirages 2003:10)

Background of the study

Older developed ...