STATE, EQUALITY AND JUSTICE

State, Equality and Justice

State, Equality and Justice

Multiculturalism is a body of thought in political philosophy about the proper way to respond to cultural and religious diversity. Mere tolerance of differences in group is said to fall short of treating members of minority groups as equal citizens, recognition and positive housing group differences are required by "group-differentiated rights" , a term coined by Will Kymlicka (1995). Some group-differentiated rights are held by individual members of minority groups, as in the case of individuals who are granted exemptions from generally applicable laws under their religious beliefs or people seeking shelter in schools or language vote. Other group-differentiated rights are held by the task group status rather by its members jointly, these rights are so-called collective rights, as in the case of minority groups and indigenous nations, who claim the right to self-determination . In this latter sense, multiculturalism is closely linked with nationalism (Blum, 68).

While multiculturalism has been used as a general term to characterize the moral and political demands of a wide range of disadvantaged groups, including African Americans, women, gays and lesbians, and persons with disabilities, most theorists of multiculturalism tend to focus their arguments on the immigrants who are ethnic and religious minorities (for example, Latinos in the U.S. , Muslims in Western Europe), minority nations (eg, Catalan, Basque, Welsh, Quebec), and indigenous peoples (eg, indigenous peoples in North America, Maoris in New Zealand).

Multiculturalism is closely related to "identity politics", "politics of difference", and "the politics of recognition", all of whom share a commitment to upgrading of disrespect identities and change the dominant patterns representation and communication that marginalize certain groups (Young 1990, Taylor 1992, Gutmann 2003). Multiculturalism is also a matter of economic interests and political power, which requires solutions to economic and political disadvantages that people suffer as a result of their minority status.

Multiculturalists assume that it is "culture" and "cultural groups" that will be recognized and addressed. However, multicultural claims include a wide range of demands related to religion, language, ethnicity, nationality and race. Culture is too broad a concept well, and all these categories have been subsumed by or equated with the concept of culture (Song 2008). Language and religion are at the heart of many demands of cultural adaptation of immigrants. The key claim raised by the minority nations is self-government rights. Carrera has a more limited role in multicultural discourse. Racism and multiculturalism are distinct but related ideas: the first highlights "of victimization and resistance," while the latter emphasizes "cultural life, cultural expressions, achievements, and the like" (Blum, 1992 , 14). Applications for recognition in the context of multicultural education requires not only recognition of the aspects of real culture of a group (for example, African-American art and literature), but also for the history of the subordination of group and its concomitant experience (Gooding-Williams, 1998).

Some examples of cultural adaptations or "group-differentiated rights" are exceptions to the general legislation (eg, religious exemptions), help to do things that most can do ...