Structural change in the Chinese economy since 1980: characteristics and impact

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible.

DECLARATION

I, [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University (Hartmann, 2008,, 468).

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTii

DECLARATIONiii

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW1

Theoretical Framework1

Socialist Ideology2

Marx Theory2

Maoist China4

China's State Reform4

From Socialism to Capitalism5

Capitalism in China6

Political Power and Role of Top Leaders8

Ownership Reform Debate9

Foreign Pressures for Adaptability10

REFERENCES13

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

Theoretical Framework

The Chinese reform in the world has been observed by different economist that changed the structural conditions of the Chinese economy. The structural changes in the Chinese economy have been mainly occurred due to its progression in the World Trade Organization. The changes in the class structure of China have determined the transition changes within the economic system of the country in the past decades. Different economists and researchers have put efforts in determining the economic system being adopted by China in recent years that has changes its economic characteristics from the socialist and communist to the capitalist. There is also great development in the rural economy of China that has faced different transition in its structure (Huang, 2008, pp. 154).

The books written by Barry Naughton and Yasheng Huang have presented an in depth analysis of the economic development in China that provides significant analysis of the Chinese economic reform and the development in the rural entrepreneurship that started taking place before 1949. This reform was mainly based on the transition in different sectors and industries of China. The reform made changes in the rural economy and analyses the development and growth patterns including the growth of population, the policy of one-child family, foreign investment, and international trade, technological and industrial development in the urban areas of China and the macroeconomic growth in the country. The interest in the Chinese economy has been grown with the passage of time since it has emerged as one of the largest player on the stage of the world (Naughton, 2006, pp. 143).

Socialist Ideology

In order to examine the influence and roles of ideology in China's reform policy making process, this research analyzes internal debates over reform policies during the Jiang Zemin era from 1993 to 2002. The research examines how influential socialist ideology was, in comparison to market conditions, as a factor deciding the direction of the reform debate process. What influence or restrictions did ideology impose on the policy debate process? How were ideological dynamics of the debate formulated? Who defined, controlled, and enforced ideological principles at any given time? How did Chinese policy makers reconcile socialist ideology and market conditions during the course of the reform? And, most importantly, which of the two factors-ideology or market conditions-was more influential ...