TRANS-CULTURAL NURSING

Madeleine Leininger - Nursing theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality

Madeleine Leininger Nursing theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality

Introduction

Madeleine Leininger was a pioneer nurse anthropologist. She was seen by some as "the Margaret Mead of nursing and is recognized worldwide as the founder of intercultural nursing program that she created the school in 1974 (Fawcett 2002). She has authored or edited 27 books and founded magazine intercultural nurses to support research in the field of intercultural caring society in which she started in 1974.

Cultural diversity in nursing practice derives its conceptual base of nurses and other cross-cultural health sciences and social sciences such as anthropology, sociology and psychology. Knowledge of cultural diversity is vital at all levels of nursing practice. Ethnocentric approaches to nursing practice are ineffective in achieving health and nursing needs of different cultural groups of clients. Knowing about the culture and their impact on interactions with health care is important for nurses, whether they are practicing in a clinical setting, education, research and management. Cultural diversity addresses racial and ethnic differences, however, these concepts or features of human experience are not synonymous. Changing demographics in the country, as reflected in the 1990 census would increase the cultural diversity of the U.S. population by 2000, and that now-called minority groups will, in general, constitute a national majority.

Discussion

At multiplicities of cultures that exist in this state, from the top down through the Lower Peninsula, cause a lot of experience in health care workers. One of them is in the form of patients who need assistance and immersed in their culture and ways of acting. In another form of health care workers, whose diversity is growing every day as nurses from other countries come here to help with the shortage of nurses? Dr. Leininger is a strong forward-looking nurse. In mid-1950's, she established nursing as an area of intercultural studies. Since then, the courses and programs are taught by nurse leaders who are prepared to intercultural nursing (TCN) in the country. Currently, the following colleges and universities offer courses and programs TCU: Augsburg College in St. Paul, Minnesota Duquesne University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Kean University in Union City, New Jersey, Madonna University in Livonia, Michigan Nazareth College in Rochester, New York - New York Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama, University of Nebraska in Omaha, Nebraska University of Northern Colorado in Greeley, Colorado University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg, Mississippi (Welch; et.al. 2008).

Sunrise Model

In order to deal with the individual needs of both the nurse and the patient, Madeleine Leininger - a professor who conducts research in this field for nearly 50 years - has developed a model, which puts professional nursing knowledge on a cultural basis, her so-called sunrise-model. It unifies influences from nearly 60 different cultures and is developed out of an anthroposophical point of view. Leininger outlines, that human care is universal phenomena, but the concepts, processes, forms and patterns of nursing differ amongst the cultures. The action and process of care is substantial for the birth ...