Comparison of Tourism in Lima and Cusco

by

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible.

DECLARATION

I, [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

Signed __________________ Date _________________

ABSTRACT

In this study, the researcher aims to analyze the tourism in Peru and focuses on Lima and Cusco (regions of Peru). To understand Peru as a commodity and destination, a literature review using common travel resources was undertaken. The findings show Peru has an image that is heavily dependent on Incas, nature and Indigenous culture. Both the regions are different from each other and have their own importance and cultural heritage. Analysis of Literature enables the researcher to explore many aspects of Peru and helped in comparison between Lima and Cusco. In order to perform the research, qualitative methodology was chosen, which include both primary and secondary data collection. To verify the significance of data collected from the literature, interviews were conducted that ensure the significance of the research and validates the outcome. However, analysis of interview questionnaire shows that demand of tourism is rapidly increasing in Peru. People like the region of Lima and Cusco both the region have their own importance, and none can be declare as better from the other. In conclusion, a brief summary of the research is given along with the limitation and scope for future research.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII

DECLARATIONIII

ABSTRACTIV

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

Background of the Study1

Purpose of the Study4

Problem Statement4

Rationale of the Study5

Aims and Objectives6

Theoretical Framework6

Research Questions8

Ethical Concerns9

Outline of The Study10

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW11

Historical Background of Peru11

Pre Inca Civilization13

Evolution14

Economic Landscape15

Services18

Significance of Tourism19

The Image of Peru23

The Construction of the Image25

Life style and Behaviour28

The Environment30

The Diversity of Tourist Experiences31

Tourism in the Developing World32

Models of Tourism Development34

Developmental Perspective39

Conflict Perspective41

Tourism in Peru42

Tourism as an Economic Engine44

History of Participatory Planning45

Important Factors Needed For Participatory Tourism Planning46

Integration48

Culture in Tourism50

Regions of Peru53

Lima53

Cusco56

Comparison of Tourism in Cusco and Lima58

The Productionist Perspective64

The Consumptionist Perspective69

The Tourist Gaze69

People / Nature81

Crisis85

Boom in Tourism86

Reasons for Travel87

Travellers and Tourists90

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY95

Introduction95

Significance of the Study95

Qualitative Research96

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Methods96

Measures of Tourism Integration97

Tourist Questionnaires98

Questionnaire Development99

Semi Structured Interviews101

Systematic Review101

Search Technique103

Criteria for Literature Search103

Choosing Study Sites105

Data Collection107

Data Analysis107

Qualitative Assessment108

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Research Design109

Reliability and Validity110

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND FINDINGS112

Interview Questionnaire Analysis112

Occupation112

Gender112

Age112

Number of Visits to Lima113

Number of Visits to Cusco113

Difference between Lima and Cusco113

Preference to visit Cusco instead of Lima114

Preference to visit Lima instead of Cusco114

Worth Visiting Areas114

Dissatisfaction for Tourist115

Transport Management in Peru115

Time for Tourism in Peru116

Reasons to visit Peru117

Interaction118

Observation on Tourism in Peru118

Regional Attraction118

Strengths of Tourism Industry in Peru119

Tourism Activities119

Problems faced by Tourism Sector in Peru119

Recommendations120

Discussion121

Tourism as a Strategy125

Security for Visitors129

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION131

Limitations of Research137

Scope for Further Research137

REFERENCES139

BIBLIOGRAPHY144

APPENDIX146

Questionnaire146

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In this thesis, I explore the image of Peru as it is employed in the tourism ...