Epidemiology of Diabetes Type 2

Epidemiology of Diabetes Type 2

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (non-insulin dependent diabetes), a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, which develops as a result of violations of the secretion of insulin, or the mechanisms of its interaction with cells of tissues. Type 2 diabetes is a condition that results in impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, characterized by hyperglycaemia (increased blood glucose levels). The path physiology of diabetes includes either decreased insulin production or increased peripheral insulin resistance. Decreased production of insulin is the consequence of aging as the beta cells of pancreatic islets decrease in number with aging and insufficient amounts of insulin are produced. Insulin is necessary for uptake of glucose by the cells. Insulin not just limited to glucose metabolism, also has effects on protein synthesis and fat metabolism by targeting particular receptors on the cells and inducing certain pathways necessary for protein synthesis and fat metabolism. Primarily, insulin serves to increase or induce the glucose uptake by the cells. However in certain cases, peripheral visceral cells are unable to show effect to insulin and hence do not uptake the glucose for metabolism. This results in glucose flanking with in the blood unconsumed. This condition termed insulin resistance is also characteristic of type 2 diabetes. As compared to Type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune disease characterised by destruction of pancreatic beta cells, and hence low to no production of insulin, type 2 diabetes is stable and causes chronic hyperglycaemic state that results in complications of diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease, which leads to elevated blood glucose levels. Increased blood glucose levels damage blood vessels and nerves in the long term. This can lead to numerous organ problems. Consequences of diabetes include heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, retinal damage, erectile dysfunction and many others. They are often referred to as "late effects". This term is misleading, however, because many diabetes-related illnesses can occur already in the early stages of diabetes - often even if only a prediabetes is diabetes preliminary).

Causes of Diabetes Type 2

In the past, the type-2 diabetes, sometimes called the "Age of sugar." In fact, in the first place ill elderly people in it yet increasingly ill and 30 - to 40-year-old with type 2 diabetes. The reason is that more and more people are severely overweight at a young age and move very little - both considered to be the major cause of type 2 diabetes Increasingly, doctors also found the disease in children and adolescents. The term "sugar age" is so no longer correct.

Frequently, patients have to deal with type II diabetes, formerly called insulin-dependent or adult-onset diabetes. Characterized by the fact that the body produces large amounts of insulin, but it is not able to convert sugar to energy. Type II diabetes focuses on people in the fortieth year of life, but also suffer from it more and more children. This is due to the fact that following the acquisition of Western lifestyle with ...