Giving Incentives to Politicians to Limit Corrupt Practices

by

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would first like to express my gratitude for my research supervisor, colleagues, peers and family whose immense and constant support has been a source of continuous guidance and inspiration.

DECLARATION

I [type your full first names & surname here], declare that the following dissertation/thesis and its entire content has been an individual, unaided effort and has not been submitted or published before. Furthermore, it reflects my opinion and take on the topic and is does not represent the opinion of the University.

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ABSTRACT

The evolution of the fight against corruption in United Kingdom provides a useful illustration of this concern. This study, however, refutes the skepticism about the comprehensive approach taken by the British government that has made substantial absolute gains in curbing corruption levels. The first chapter provides an introduction to the topic and includes purpose, aims, objectives, and research questions. The second chapter deals with the literature review. Theoretical framework and other relevant topics are covered in this chapter. The third chapter covers the methodology section. The researcher has used mixed method research. The results are presented in the fourth chapter, while the discussion of the results is presented in the fifth chapter. The sixth chapter concludes this dissertation, providing summary and implications for future research.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTI

DECLARATIONII

ABSTRACTIII

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

Background of the Study1

Purpose of the Study2

Problem Statement2

Research Questions3

Aims and Objectives of the Study3

Rationale of the Study3

Ethical Concerns4

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW5

Theoretical Framework5

An Approach to Understanding Corruption8

The Cultural Approach9

The Modernisation Approach18

The Public Choice Approach22

Abuse of Power33

Conflict of Interest33

Democracy and Corruption34

Social Development and Corruption36

Economic Development and Corruption37

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY40

Research Approach40

Research Design40

Sample of Participants41

Data Collection41

Instrument42

Data Analysis42

Validity and Reliability of Quantitative Data43

CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS44

Survey Analysis44

CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION54

Outcomes of Corruption54

Cost of Corruption55

Incentive to Public Officials59

CHAPTER 6: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION61

Summary61

Recommendations62

Implications of the Study63

Conclusion64

REFERENCES67

APPENDIX - A70

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Political corruption can be defined as behaviour or conduct of government officials, whether elected or appointed, which goes against social norms and legal terms is to take public office for private gain Legitimate or not, the public purse. Thus, an officer or member who, with his official duties, retire (whether for himself or his family) by providing direct benefits to the family business contracts, contrary to social norms and, more , legal standards(Eigen, 1996, 177). These standards may change (Rubin, 1982, 89). Political corruption exists in various forms. Some behaviour is almost universally regarded as corruption and sentence. Others are frequently regarded as corruption, but policy makers or political opinion may differ as to their ethics.

The study of corruption has increased in breadth and depth over the past years. Governments and other institutions have been engaged in controlling and curbing corruption, and the study of corruption in elections has long been an important topic in political science.

Nonetheless the number of studies that focus on the influence of corruption on voting behaviour is limited. There have been some experimental approaches regarding voting behaviour and corruption allegations in the United Kingdom, as well as some work on how corruption allegations affect ...