I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible.
DECLARATION
I, [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.
Signed __________________ Date _________________
ABSTRACT
The current research focuses on examining the effectiveness of behavioural and cognitive-behavioural group-based parenting programmes for a number of important outcomes and used sensitivity analyses to address shortcomings related to the risk of bias in the trials. In addition, the review incorporated an evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of parenting programmes and investigated moderators of impact, including socioeconomic status and implementation fidelity. We could not conduct the prespecified meta-regression of putative mechanisms of change within group-based parenting programmes due to a lack of reported outcomes relating to parenting skills and parental confidence. However, a later updated review may provide sufficient studies to explore predictors of change.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII
DECLARATIONIII
ABSTRACTIV
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1
Background2
Description of the intervention3
Objectives of the study5
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW6
How the intervention might work6
Implications For Practice8
Government, Societal and Cultural Considerations8
Generic Parenting Initiatives8
ID Specialism9
Sector Organization10
Generic or Specialist Services11
Supporting People12
Individual Level13
The Dos Of Working With Parents With Intellectual Disabilities14
The Don TS Of Working With Parents With Intellectual Disabilities14
Community-based Support for Parents15
The History Of Support To Families In Britain19
Support To Parents Of Young Children23
Parenting Skills And Child Behaviour Problems26
Support For Parents Of Adolescents29
Behavioural Approaches To Support Children With Behavioural Difficulties32
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY40
Types of studies40
Types of participants40
Types of interventions41
Types of outcome measures41
(A) Child outcomes41
(B) Parent outcomes41
Secondary outcomes42
(A) Child outcomes42
(B) Parent outcomes42
(C) Adverse outcomes42
Data sources43
Timing of outcome assessment43
Search methods for identification of studies43
Data extraction and management43
Assessment of risk of bias in included studies44
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS46
Results of the search46
Randomised controlled trials47
Sample sizes47
Setting48
Participants49
Outcomes52
Conduct problems52
Parental mental health53
Parenting practices53
Economic evaluations55
Summary of main results56
Child conduct problems57
Parental mental health58
Parenting practices58
Child emotional problems and child cognitive and education abilities60
Economic outcomes60
Overall completeness and applicability of evidence61
Quality of the evidence62
Potential biases in the review process64
Agreements and disagreements with other studies or reviews65
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION67
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Conduct problems in children are common and costly. In the UK and the USA, approximately 5% to 10% of children between five and 15 years of age present with clinically significant conduct problems. In Western countries, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of such problems since the 1930s. Conduct problems are the most common reason for referral to psychological and psychiatric services in childhood (NICE 2006). They typically include troublesome, disruptive and aggressive behavior; an unwillingness or inability to perform school work; few positive interactions with adults; poor social skills; low self-esteem; non-compliance with instructions; and emotional volatility.
These kinds of problems tend to exist on a continuum of severity (Burke 2002; Dretzke 2009). Children with the most severe disruptive behaviors may be diagnosed with Conduct Disorder (CD) or Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) (see Diagnostic and Statistical ...