NURSING

Automated Drug Dispensing Machine and Its Impact on the Nurses Work Flow

By

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Many thanks to my family, friends, colleagues and my instructor as without their support and guidance, this project would not have been completed

DECLARATION

I declare that this project shows my own work developed by a thorough analysis of the secondary research and primary research study. Moreover, this study has not been published before.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTI

DECLARATIONII

Introduction1

Research Background1

Problem Statement of the Research2

Research Aims and Objectives2

Research Questions3

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW4

Introduction4

Automatic Drug Dispensing Medicines in Clinical Practice4

Example of Carraway Hospital6

Medication-Use Technology7

Characteristics of Available Systems8

Evaluation Criteria9

Method and Implementation9

Nursing Errors in Medication11

Functioning of an Automated Drug Cabinet15

Benefits of Automated Drug Dispensing Machines in Nursing17

Benefits in Pharmacy18

Benefits for Management19

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY20

Introduction20

Research Methodology20

Data Collection Method20

Sample Size21

Primary Research22

Interviews23

Field Research Instrument24

Qualitative v/s Quantitative Data25

Research Validity and Reliability27

Eliminating Error29

Ethical Issues29

Literature Search30

Time Frame30

CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION31

Feasibility of ADC31

Location and Ideal Environment32

Drawers33

Withdrawing Medications for More than One Patient at a Time34

Switching from Paper to Electronic MAR (eMAR)34

Impact on Nursing Performance35

Drug Formulation39

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS42

Limitations42

Continuing Improvement Education43

REFERENCES44

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Introduction

This chapter will be introducing the research work which is based on identifying the impact of automated drug dispensing machine on the work flow of nurses. This chapter will be discussing the context of the research and the problem statement along with the identification of research aims and objectives and research questions.

Research Background

The drug delivery systems using single doses emerged in the 60s as an effective mechanism for the reduction of errors in prescribing, preparation and administration of medications. In this context, the original systems respond to the requirement that a patient's medication was available in the nursing unit with a narrow slot. Thus, only a small portion of the patient's treatment was available in the Inpatient Unit and allowed all changes in prescriptions or change of location of patients could be reflected in the patient's pharmaceutical history and, secondarily, dealt with the lowest latency (Bates, 2003, pp. 788-791). Therefore, there was a need for the the entry of prescriptions into the computer promises that will aim to bring new efficiencies and opportunities to provide the necessary information to physicians at the time of prescribing.

The creation of integrated computer systems provided health professionals greater access to patient-specific data from many facets of care. These possibilities together with advances in outcomes research and statistical methods have increased ability to analyze and interpret them in exactly the huge amount of data generated using drugs throughout the health care system. In order to get drugs the station, authorized users access it and at that time are automatically registered all transaction information, including the patient's name, their specific clinical data, user name and number to be removed, for accounting purposes , refuel and billing (Esther & Belling, 2009, pp. 516-519). This sets automatic dispensing of traditional inventory systems and distribution of drugs is that it allows the pharmacy to use proven technology, not only to store and track inventory in Unit Clinic, if not primarily, on the status and overall patient pharmacotherapy, integrating different units involved ...