PEDAGOGICAL MODELS AND NATIONAL CURRICULUM

Pedagogical Models and National Curriculum

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Pedagogical Models and National Curriculum

Montessori School Settings

The basic principles of the Montessori Method are the play form of training and independent exercises. Montessori Method is based on an individual approach to child; child selects the didactic material and duration of employment, in developing their own pace. A key feature of the Montessori Method involves the creation of a special developing environment (Montessori environment), in which the child is able and wants to show their individual talents. Lessons on how Montessori is not similar to the traditional lesson. Montessori materials allow the baby to see and correct their mistakes. The role of the Montessori teacher is not teaching, but leadership of self employed child. Montessori methodology helps to develop attention, creative and logical thinking, memory, speech, imagination and motor skills. Montessori Method focuses on collective tasks and games to help learn communication skills, as well as the development of household activity that promotes self sufficiency (Cossentino, 2006).

It is difficult today, to understand the impact of Maria Montessori in the renovation of teaching methods in the early twentieth century, as most of his ideas now seem obvious and even too simple, but at the time they were radical innovations, which raised great controversy especially among the more conservatives (Kramer, 1988).

Steiner School Settings

Austrian Rudolf Steiner was the founder of anthroposophy (religious and mystical teachings). When the owner of the cigarette factory Waldorf-Astoria asked him to help in opening a school for children of employees of the enterprise, Steiner decided to put into practice of anthroposophy pedagogy, which he outlined in his book "Education of the Child." That school was achieved great success and gave rise to the eponymous educational system (Steiner, 2003).

Anthroposophy believes that a child develops in cycles and for the development of knowledge of a particular time, you cannot try it ahead of time, it will only hurt the child. The early developments of systems of Steiner school teachers were very negative. They did not hurry his childhood, believe that a child should enjoy them fully, and then it will be revealed as a harmonious personality. In Waldorf education system kindergarten is not considered as a preparation for school, and school to the university. Waldorf educators believe that children should learn about the world in a natural way, without the internal resistance, a sensual experience.

The main principles of Steiner School settings consist of a broad, comprehensive approach to the study of environment, and the maximum closeness to nature (garden, farm) and distance from the fruits of civilization (the ban TV, computer). It involve a lot of attention to aesthetic and labor disciplines (sculpture, painting, music, weaving, knitting) and the secondary role of traditional subjects (reading, math in second grade), and respect for the child's personality, his individuality, limitation, as a principle of learning. Caregiver-mother is engaged in household chores or creativity, and the children try to repeat its actions. During the day, children are fed three pieces of information: ...