Behaviorism is the epistemological concept, behavior of humans and animals by scientific methods without introspection and empathy to examine and explain. This school of thought study psychological reactions of bodies in terms of stimuli and responses. Behaviorism was developed as a reaction against the methods and assumptions free functional psychology. Its origin is the result of carefully conducted experiments on animals, with strict scientific guarantee that dramatically promoted John B. Watson in his Psychology from the Standpoint of a Behaviorist. Example Pavlov in 1914 conditioned the behavior of dog with his experiment (Watson, 1970, 1930).
A stimulus, the sound of a bell, which first aroused no salivary production in the animal, was repeatedly followed by a supply of food, after a number of trials, the dog responded to the ringing of the bell with intense production of saliva, although sound that was not followed by any food. This kind of learning called classical conditioning and the behaviorists used this method as a standard in many of his essays. The human behavior could also be changed with the environmental factors that are stimuli. Whereas the behaviorists emphasize the importance of empirical observation and objective methods, found that awareness and experience are not made subject to monitoring and verification that can be subjected to experimental regime.
Gestalt psychology
The psychology of Gestalt is a current psychological concerning the perception and experience that was born and developed in the early twentieth century in Germany (in the period between the '10s and '30s), continuing its articulation in the USA , where its main exponents were transferred during the period of Nazi persecution. This study focused mainly on the psychological aspects of perception and reasoning / problem-solving (Smith, 1941). The Gestalt helped develop the survey on learning, the memory, the ...