PSYCHOLOGY

Child Development and Family

Child Development and Family

Introduction

Nature of a child continuously evolves, with major changes taking place in a short time. The emotional development takes place in the child's relationship with their environment, especially parents, from intrauterine life is intimately connected with the mother, with whom he exchanged vital elements. Child development has been the subject of several studies with varied orientation and psychological doctrine as each author. In this paper the psychoanalytic theories given by three authors Melanie Klein, Jacques Lacan and Winnicott will be discussed.

Discussion

Psychoanalyst, according to Anna Freud, the success of therapy in children has to have credibility with the baby as baby super - ego is relatively weak and unable to cope with the liberated as a result of psychotherapy motives without assistance. Of particular importance is the nature of the child's communication with an adult: “Whatever we started to do with the child, whether we teach arithmetic or geography, we nurture it or subject to analysis, we must first establish some emotional relationship between themselves and the child. The harder work to be us, the stronger this relationship should be”, emphasized A. Freud. At the organization of research and remedial work with difficult children (aggressive, anxious) the main effort should be directed to the formation of attachment, development of the libido, not the direct elimination of negative reactions.

Donald Winnicott's Theory

The influence of adults, which gives the child on the one hand, hope for love, and on the other hand, makes the fear of punishment, allows for a few years to develop his own ability to control the internal instinctual life. In this part of the achievements of the child belongs to the forces of I, and the rest - the pressure of external forces, the ratio of the effects can be determined. Mothering presupposes a key concept: identification of mother to infant. Donald Winnicott believes that empathy is developed gradually during pregnancy, the mother gradually evolving towards a specific state he called “Nursery Primary Concern” (1956). In addition, the mother plays a mirror for the child. Winnicott addresses three perspectives in which the environment must intervene to allow maturation of the ego of the child: the holding company, i.e. how the child is raised, which will determine the integration process, leading the child to a state of unity. Initially fused with his mother, the child perceives the “subjective objects” establishing the feeling of being at the basis of identity. Later, the infant becomes a subject objective and perceived as such is created and the concept of self.

Winnicott is constantly parallel development of the child's interaction with bitter and evolution with the psychotherapy analyst. It identifies common aspects of their function based on one and the other on trust and reliability. It highlights the similarities of the mother and therapist in their mirror function and support the pursuit of the same goal: the transition from dependence to independence, accession to the ability to play together, the discovery of self (true self) through ...