SOCIAL SCIENCES

Assignment

Assignment

Introduction

Crime is a social issue which cannot be improved without including the abilities of all divisions of social administration and social science. Crime is a result of social situation and also depends on the bio-social personality of criminal. Recent research shows that the prevention of crime and rehabilitation of criminal can be joined in the spheres of biological discipline, social welfare administration and social sciences. The theory of Criminological modernism is based on the philosophy that loyalty is centred on rules of scientific strives which provide an authoritative and objective language for resolving social problems in a civilized manner. Modern criminology is different from the classical criminology of eighteen century, whose key focus was on the calculated options of rational human resource.

Discussion

In previous times, different research mentioned that crime can be only prevented by technique of repression through punishment. Moreover, history also revealed the extremities of barbarous acts towards criminals. But in current times, the experience proves that repressive methods cannot go long because we can punish the criminal, but not his criminal mind (Edgar & Doll, 1936, p 203). In the last century, we have realized that the certainty and immediacy of punishment are more helpful than the sternness of punishment. However, the legal processes of law enforcement are too awkward and sluggish in most situations for offering either speediness or certainty in conviction, arrest and punishment (www.uk.sagepub). Today, we can better understand than former societies used to consider their responsibilities towards criminality.

The study of science regarding the offender is a current development in the crime history. The scientific view is that crime could be stopped through the rehabilitation of people, without using any reformatory tools (Edgar & Doll, 1936, p 204). For achieving reformation of offender, and stopping the life of crime; the scientific view emphasizes over the understanding of offender's individuality in association to the social stresses. Realizing that social circumstances might be bringing a sudden cause of crime; the scientific view focuses on the offender's personality, his capabilities, attitudes, aptitudes, and habits as an inclining factors. This may also avoid the criminal social circumstances from becoming efficient.

Moreover, this point of view has turned from the anthropological to the psychiatric view through which the offender is deemed as a mentally rash person (Andrews & Bonta, 2006, p 56). The emotions of these kinds of offenders are in conflict due to environmental drives and psychologically unable ...