SYNCHROTRON MICRO TOMOGRAPHY

Sliding and Rolling Behavior of Compacted Powders using Synchrotron Micro Tomography



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this chance for thanking my research facilitator, friends & family for support they provided & their belief in me as well as guidance they provided without which I would have never been able to do this research.

DECLARATION

I, (Your name), would like to declare that all contents included in this thesis/dissertation stand for my individual work without any aid, & this thesis/dissertation has not been submitted for any examination at academic as well as professional level previously. It is also representing my very own views & not essentially which are associated with university.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTii

DECLARATIONiii

CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION1

1.1 Background1

1.2 Objectives3

1.3 Thesis Outline3

CHAPTER 02: LITERATURE REVIEW5

2.1 Introduction5

2.2 X-ray Computed Tomography (CT)5

2.2.1 Historical Background of CT5

2.2.2 Generation of CT Scanners8

2.2.2.1 First Generation Scanner9

2.2.2.2 Second Generation Scanner9

2.2.2.3 Third Generation Scanner10

2.2.2.4 Fourth Generation Scanner10

2.2.2.5 Fifth Generation Scanner11

2.2.2.6 Sixth Generation Scanner11

2.2.2.7 Seventh Generation Scanner11

2.2.3 Principle of CT System12

2.2.4 Synchrotron X-ray Tomography12

2.3 Powder Flow13

2.3.1 Significance13

2.3.2 Basic Principles of Powder Flow14

2.3.3 Types of Flow15

2.3.4 Flow Patterns15

2.3.5 Factors Influencing Powder Flow Ability16

2.4 Powder Compaction17

2.4.1 Compaction Technique and Machinery18

2.4.2 Compaction Process18

CHAPTER 03: EXPERIMENTAL WORK20

3.1 Introduction20

3.2 Experiment Material20

3.3 Die Geometry20

3.4 Method and process of Experiment21

3.4.1 Scanning Process21

3.4.2 Scan Analysis and Image Reconstruction22

CHAPTER 04: SYNCHROTRON MICRO TOMOGRAPHY (SMT) SCANS23

4.1 Introduction23

4.2 Image Processing23

4.3 Compilation of Full Volume Image23

4.4 Tracking of Particles24

4.5 Volume Generation25

4.6 Determination of Particles Rotation26

CHAPTER 05: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION28

5.1 Introduction28

5.2 Particles Visualization28

5.3 Volumetric Analysis28

5.3.1 Discussion of Volumetric Analysis31

5.4 Rotational Behavior Analysis33

5.4.1 Discussion of Rotational Behavior Analysis38

CHAPTER 06: QUANTIFYING SAND PROPERTY DURING CONE PENETRATION TEST42

6.1 Introduction42

6.2 Experimental Work42

6.2.1 Specimen Description and Lab View Operation42

6.2.2 CT Scanning43

6.2.3 Scans Processing43

6.3 CT Scans Analysis44

6.3.1 Tracking Particles44

6.3.2 Relative Movement Analysis44

6.4 Results45

6.4.1 Visualization of Particles tracked45

6.4.2 Change in Movement45

6.4.2.1 Percentage of Change Along with Cone, Z coordinate45

Zone I46

Zone II46

Zone III47

6.4.2.2 Percentage of Change Perpendicular to the Cone, X coordinate48

Zone I48

Zone II49

Zone III50

6.5 Discussion51

REFERENCES53



CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The application of external loads or compaction to granular materials causes relative movement between the particles. Particle orientation and rotation during compaction have been found to have profound influences on their stress-strain behavior. Many experiments were conducted for determining the impacts of particle rotation on the engineering properties of granular materials. However, very few studies were found in the literature that quantifies particle sliding and rotation as compaction strains increase.

Researchers are very often challenged with the problems associated with granular materials at different motion states. The three distinct conditions of motions are: static, slowly deforming, and rapidly flowing, which are represented by distinctive examples in each regime, respectively: designing retaining structures, working with soil creep and settlement, and land slide prevention. Currently, there is extensive research reported in the literature for predicting whether static, slowly deforming, or rapidly flowing behavior will be governing the powder/soil behavior. Additionally, research on methods for determining the distribution of stress within the soil, at soil/structure interface in each regime, and if in motion, the kinematics of the deforming field has been ...