Telecommunication

Telecommunication

Description of local Land line phone system based on the following landline telephone components:

Local landline phone systems are also referred to as Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) or Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). It is defined by a network of carrier equipments and lines which provide telephone service to different places such as businesses and homes. Local land line phone systems consists of the entire system of telephone, starting from the cable wires that enter businesses and homes to the enormous network centres which connect various regions of a country.

Fixed line phone systems are made up of telephone lines that travel throughout a nationwide network of telephones. Their means of travelling is copper wire or optical fiber. The backbone of the land line system is the central office (CO). CO is an office where a telephone company`s lines get terminated, and calls are switched between various locations. CO consists of batteries that supply direct currents for telephone`s operation (Tomasi, 2005). CO also consists of switching as well as signaling equipments. The portion of the land line phone system which connects any business or resident to the nearest CO is called local loop. Local loops are largely made up of copper wires. They carry analog signals from one place to the other. Copper wires are used instead of fiber-optic cables because extending connection to every business or resident will prove to be very expensive.

Local exchanges are the switches in the CO. These switches respond to the tones or dial pulses from the telephone in order to connect the dialing device to the receiving one. Local exchanges handle a fixed number of subscribers. Point-of-presence (POP) is the physical access or entrance a network. It defines the legal boundaries for the liability of maintaining transmission lines and equipments. In essence, it can be a demarcation point between two exchanges (Tomasi, 2005). Long distance system is a service that is offered by carriers for long distance, which are known as Interexchange carriers (IXC). POP also provides interconnections between IXCs.

Cellular Telephones

Cellular telephones are mobile phones used for the purpose of communicating at a distance. These types of telephones make voice calls over the network even during moving around any geographical area over a wide range. The process involves connecting a cellular phone to a cellular network that is provided to it by a cellular phone operator. This cellular network connects itself to the land line ...