The Factors that determine the Innitiation and duration of Breastfeeding in Glasgow

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 3: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREASTFEEDING IN SCOTLAND WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO GLASGOW1

Introduction1

Breastfeeding at the first visit1

Breastfeeding at 6-8 week review5

Maternal age5

Deprivation9

Maternal age and deprivation10

Conclusion11

CHAPTER 4: FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE INITIATION AND DURATION OF BREASTFEEDING IN GLASGOW12

Introduction12

Socio-economic classification (NS-SEC) of mother12

Education factors13

Benefits of breastfeeding13

Working conditions14

Partner support15

Complications for breastfeeding16

Media influence17

Celebrity endorsement of breastfeeding18

Family and friend support20

Partner support21

Medical provider support22

Emotions22

Attitudes23

Public breastfeeding23

Breastfeeding convenience24

Breastfeeding health25

Conclusion26

CHAPTER 5: POLICIES27

Introduction27

Outline of the policy27

Nursing provider education27

Nursing Practice28

Family communication30

Conclusion33

REFERENCES34

CHAPTER 3: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREASTFEEDING IN SCOTLAND WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO GLASGOW

Introduction

This chapter will discuss the various concept of breastfeeding in reference to Glasgow. This chapter will provide the bar charts for various stats regarding breastfeeding in Glasgow. Further the relation between breastfeeding is discussed with the maternal age and deprivation.

Breastfeeding at the first visit

At the first visit review it is seen that a total of 46.8 babies were breastfed during 2010/2011. This also includes the 36.3 babies that were breastfed exclusively and also 10.5 which were getting formula milk and breast milk. The entire rates have seen to be increase from 45.6 in 2009/2010. Across the Scotland it has been seen that breastfeeding rate has been slightly increased, in the recent years. Although on the same period it has been seen that the exclusive breastfeeding rate has been decreased. The total percentage regarding the babies who get the mixed fed increased from 4.5 to 10.5 during the year 2001/2001 to 2010/2011. The breastfeeding rate also varies as per the geographical areas.

Understanding breastfeeding discourses is central to understanding the experiences of breast feeding women. The discourses will shape breastfeeding knowledge and practices, and are in turn shaped by these. Further, practices may be affected by more than one corresponding discourse, as discourses do not exist in isolation. Through these discourses, women's breast feeding expertise is at once held up as truth, and questioned. Women's natural connection to breastfeeding is celebrated, while their practical knowledge is disregarded, and women are effectively disembodied from the practice of breast feeding. Thus, women are placed in a contradictory position (Carter 2011, 22-78).

The theoretical framework will involve a discussion of discourse and its relationship to knowledge and power. It will address breastfeeding and mothering discourses, as well as the interrelation of these. Breastfeeding and mothering discourses are rife with contradictions. The role of expert is unclear in both cases. While it is understood that mothers have a natural kind of knowledge related to breastfeeding the practice itself is seen as natural-this knowledge does not have the same legitimacy as the knowledge produced as part of other social relations. In this way, the nature/culture dichotomy which favors the masculine-culture-is exposed. Medical professionals, who are most often male, champion scientific knowledge as the basis for their expertise and are thereby seen as the official experts on breastfeeding (Smith 2011, 25-31).

Similarly, and related to this, mothers are expected to do all, be all, and know all, in terms of child ...