[Wireless Network Sensors: Energy Conscious Routing for the Cluster Based Network Sensors]

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ABSTRACT

Wireless Sensor Networks have been evolved and applied to industrial, commercial, defense and civil applications. Energy is the main constraint in sensor networks. Energy management techniques increases the life cycle of sensor network and enhances the performance of throughput. Multi-hop communication and clustering approaches are used to save the node energy in sensor networks. Energy aware protocols minimize the participation of sensor nodes with less threshold energy and selects optimal energy path. In sensor networks, Cluster Heads (CHs) collect data from the sensor nodes and forward it to the neighboring CHs and finally to the Base Station (BS). CHs contribute to save the node energy. Cluster management techniques aim to minimize the number of clusters, density of clusters and energy consumption per cluster. In this article, we propose Self-organized Energy Conscious Clustering protocol (SECC) for WSNs to group the sensor network into clusters based on node energy and node distance. If the node energy is below the threshold value, SECC forms self-organized clusters and re-organizes the sensor network. Nodes with energy attributes less than the threshold value are eliminated from the clusters to maintain energy efficient sensor network. Energy aware cluster management in SECC is based on node parameters (like node distance, node energy, node density) and cluster parameters (like cluster density, sensor nodes per cluster). Performance analysis and simulation results are given with variations in number of clusters, energy levels and node distance.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT2

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION4

Background of the Study4

Purpose of the Study4

Theortical Framework5

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW7

History and Scope of Use7

Technology8

Model For Design Of A Wireless Local Area Network10

Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy12

Related work12

Routing on smart grid13

Smart grid communications network14

Home Area Network (HAN)16

Neighborhood Area Network (NAN)18

Wide Area Network (WAN)19

SG Applications on the Communications Network20

Advanced metering infrastructure22

Demand response22

Wide Area Situational Awareness23

Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and storage23

Electric Transportation24

Distributed Grid Management25

Routing Design Issues for Smart Grid26

Node Heterogeneity26

Interoperability26

Node placement27

Network Dynamics28

Security and Privacy29

Quality of Service (QoS)30

Routing protocol classification in SG communications31

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY33

How the Sensor Network34

Increase in Productivity35

Energy Management Techniques In WSNS36

Data Gathering36

Clustering37

Routing37

Coverage37

CHAPTER 4: SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION39

Energy and Cluster Metrics in the Proposed SECC Protocol39

Energy Metrics39

Cluster Metrics40

Self-Organized Energy Conscious Clustering40

Analysis of the Proposed SECC41

Simulations Results43

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS47

REFERENCES48

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In the '90s, the networks have revolutionized the way people and organizations exchange information and coordinate their activities. In this decade we will witness another revolution, a new technology will allow the observation and control of the physical world. Recent technological advances have come true development of distributed mechanisms, tiny, inexpensive, low-power, which, also are capable of processing information so as to communicate locally wirelessly (Cheng & Shi, 2009: 3950). The availability of microsensors and wireless communications will develop networks of sensors / actuators for a wide range of applications. This will entail a necessary development of physical models, which require an analysis and monitoring effective and functional data. A second challenge to overcome is variability of this new environment.

While a distributed system develops good with reliability as a basic element, these ...