DIALYSIS

Quality of life through Dialysis and its history

Quality of life through Dialysis and its history

Thesis Statement

Dialysis improves the quality of life.

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 13% of the adult population in North America1 and is a spectrum of disease that ranges from mild kidney damage to kidney failure, or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is life-saving for patients with ESRD and refers to different forms of treatment aimed at restoring at least a portion of normal kidney function. The major forms of RRT are peritoneal dialysis (PD), hemodialysis (HD), and kidney transplantation Bacterial growth and biofouling these systems represent potentially serious problems for medical applications because of the presence of bacteria or his products in the purified water. Bacterial fragments generated by such biofilms are able to resist the dialysis membrane and trigger an inflammatory response in a patient. The complete removal of contaminating microorganisms is considered to be almost impossible. Microbiological standards for management of water supplies in hospitals consider only bacterial enumeration by plating on standard growth media (Mueller-Hinton, blood agar, and trypticase soy agar), and do not specify the bacterial species present in these waters. (Bakewell, 2002)

History

Dialysis has firstly emerge in the year 1947 in Sweden by Dr. Nils Alwall who showed a large amount who showed a large amount of blood transfusion required to the patient suffering from the disease. Dr. Nils Alwall was able to develop a creative machine for dialysis called as Alwall Kidney. Machine comprises of a barrel place stainless steel canister which require positive pressure to be applied so fluid could be removed.

Emerging of the Hemodialysis

In the beginning of 1960, procedure for dialysis last around 10 hours for every next day. Treatment of dialysis were only recognize for patients with acute kidney disease or kidney failure, and the blood veins' of patients would only be used for almost 9 treatments. From this scenario the dialysis was than only available for few numbers of people and some restricted centers. Machines for dialysis in early ages were also large and unwieldy and required huge amount of area. From Seattle Washington, Dr. Belding Scribner introduced a U-shaped Teflon tube that routs from blood from an artery back to vein. (Balk, 2003)

Quality of Information Evidence

There are more than one million people being treated for ESRD worldwide. This number has increased by nearly 30% in the last 5 years and is felt to reflect the aging population and the growing burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension' , although it is possible that improvements in the provision of dialysis services or more relaxed criteria for who is appropriate for therapy may have also have contributed to growth. Approximately 19,000 patients were receiving dialysis therapy for ESRD in Canada at the end of 2004, and just over 12,000 were alive with a functioning transplant. Forty- three percent of the Canadian dialysis population resided in Ontario. ESRD patients have a high burden of comorbid illness, a reduced quality-of-life and a poor ...