DRAFT

Draft

Outline

Introduction

A brief commercial availability of testosterone gel increases the likelihood that more individuals and / or athletes use these substances in the future. Introduction of the use of steroids in sports has been presented in this chapter.

It is unethical and illegal.

Rationale for the Use of Anabolic Steroids

Anabolic androgenic that promote tissue growth and masculinization.

Been used in sports, to increase muscle mass and improve performance for nearly 50 years.

Effects of Anabolic Steroids on Body Composition and Performance

Body Composition

Performance in Exercise and Sports

Unresolved Issues Related to the Effects of Steroids on Performance

Types of Anabolic Steroids Used

36.4% Nandrolones.

29.6 % Metenolone.

11.9% Testosterone.

2.4% Methyl testosterone.

Side Effects of Anabolic Steroids

Over the years anabolic androgenic steroid are associated with multiple side effects; however, very few life threatening incidence took place due to medical and nonmedical use of steroids is low.

Potential Psychological Side Effects

Patients with preexisting psychopathology may experience behavioral problems.

Anxiety, psychosis, irritability, increased aggression and antisocial and violent behavior.

Dependence, withdrawal symptoms and depression and after medical and nonmedical use of anabolic steroids.

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Decrease of 30% in high-density lipoproteins in circulation (HDL).

Left ventricular dysfunction.

Altered patterns of nocturnal blood pressure in normotensive users of anabolic steroids.

Liver Disorders

Cholestasis, peliosis hepatitis, and various forms of liver cancer.

Potential effects on the reproductive system

Effects on Men

Testicular atrophy and infertility (usually reversible)

BPH and prostate cancer

Effects on Women

Fertility in women.

Decreased or absent menstruation.

Changes in the histology of the genital tract.

Regulation of androgen receptor expression in the ovary.

Other potential adverse effects of steroid

Acne

Virilization in Women

Loss of hair

Gynecomastia

Musculo-skeletal injuries

HIV and other Blood-Borne Diseases

Conclusion

Many of the serious side effects associated with steroid use could have been prevented medical monitoring and education.

Evaluation of the steroid testing large-scale, multicenter, long-term (5 to 10 years) as part of controlled distribution program with medical supervision.

Emphasize alternatives to the use of anabolic steroids.

Instill a sense of ethics and fair play in sports competition.

Steroids in Sports

Introduction

Anabolic androgenic steroids remain the most controversial and widely substances used to enhance athletic performance and / or physical appearance. The recent commercial availability of testosterone gel increases the likelihood that more individuals and / or athletes use these substances in the future. The ethical and legal implications of using hormones to enhance sports performance are clear, it is unethical and illegal (Yesalis, 2000).

Rationale for the Use of Anabolic Steroids

Anabolic androgenic steroids, have been used in sports, to increase muscle mass and improve performance for nearly 50 years. Anabolic and androgenic properties of each steroid compound are determined by their chemical structure and / or metabolites, and this activity can vary considerably.

Effects of Anabolic Steroids on Body Composition and Performance

Body Composition

Steroids can increase fat free mass and decrease body fat; these effects are increased by the exercise of force and are evident in clinically relevant doses.

Performance in Exercise and Sports

Research on the effects on the performance increase of anabolic steroids began in the late 1960s and continued until the early 1980s (Monroe, 2004). About half of the first studies demonstrated a positive effect of steroids on the force when the use of the ...