ENCEPHALITIS AND MENINGITIS

Encephalitis and Meningitis Infectious Disease

Encephalitis and Meningitis Infectious Disease

Introduction

Meningitis and encephalitis can be a complication of many infectious diseases such as mumps (mumps), measles, influenza, chicken pox, measles. Diagnosis and treatment should take place in the hospital. Meningitis is relatively common clinical syndrome is rarely serious and can be caused by unlike viruses (Attia, 1999). Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. There are different types of encephalitis, some of which can be caused by infections. Often these infections can be caused by viruses. Encephalitis can trigger diseases that cause inflammation of the brain. Encephalitis can be defined as the process of brain parenchyma with nonsuppurative almost always associated with inflammation of the meninges, with a wide range of clinical and pathological manifestations. Encephalitis can be divided into primary and secondary brain condition initially to systemic complications (Shaw, 1991).

History of the disease

Encephalitis

The history of encephalitis is one of the most brilliant pages in the development of medical science. The first clinical description can be given by domestic researcher Panov in 1935. Complex expeditions L. Zilber, E. Pawlowski, A. Smorodintsev and other scientists have been studied in detail the epidemiology, clinical presentation and prevention of this disease. Encephalitis virus was first isolated in 1937 by LA Zilber and co-workers from the brain dead, blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients, as well as from iksodo of new ticks and wild vertebrate animals of the Far East. It was not only crucial for understanding the study of disease, and they had a huge impact on the development and establishment of virology, epidemiology, parasitology and vector-borne diseases, development of new methods of preventing infection, helped shape the study of natural foci of disease (Shaw, 1991).

Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis has been recognized for centuries as a significant syndrome in universal literature, being descriptions of the same since the sixteenth century. It was Viesseux, who in 1805 associated with this disease to epidemic proportions a table associated with the presentation of a purpuric rash, referred to as "malignant purpuric fever". In the past 15 years, therapy for bacterial meningitis acquired in the community has considered the use of intravenous penicillin (or ampicillin), 3rd generation cephalosporins, or both, reducing mortality from meningococcal meningitis about 10% for meningitis H. influenzae has been reduced to less than 5% (Tunkel, 2006).

Symptoms of the Disease

Symptoms of encephalitis include sudden fever in itself, headache, vomiting, light sensitivity, stiff neck and spine, drowsiness, clumsiness, staggering gait, and irritability. Loss of consciousness, slow reaction, seizures, muscle weakness and memory loss may be in patients with encephalitis. Anyone who is experiencing similar symptoms should seek medical attention immediately (Shaw, 1991).

Symptoms of meningitis, which can develop suddenly, include high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, nausea, and vomiting. Changes in behavior, as well as lethargy, drowsiness and other symptoms of meningitis in infants are often less specific and may include loss of appetite and fever. Some types of meningitis can be fatal if not immediately begin treatment. Anyone who is experiencing similar symptoms should seek medical attention immediately ...