History

History

Africans and Asian Countries after Independence

The new states, with inherited borders artificially created by the colonial powers face a lot of problems. Some of them included the scenes of racial conflicts, ethnic linguistic, religious, that were often violent. National integration was performed painfully, thus this failure damaged the development of liberal institutions. Another problem was of social pluralism. The multiplication antagonistic groups of classes increased tensions, while development was required in the mobilization of the entire population, a discipline that can hardly be achieved in the moment inequalities. They were increasing among citizens of the same sector (Waites, 2012). Another problem was of corruption. One of the main weaknesses of the state lied in the poor quality of their administration, which was insufficient and often corrupt. The competent staff was in very restricted number. This caused a number of problems and the countries found it difficult ot resolve the issues.

Mao's Great Leap and Stains Rapid Industrialization

Mao Zedong called the great leap to a simultaneous development program in agriculture and industry. Mao's plan was related to the improvement in the economic warfare, and to deliver hundreds of millions of peasants armed with hoes and rakes. It meant the total mobilization of manpower and its consequences were catastrophic famine and devastation. The first Chinese five-year plan had been finalized recently. Based on the Soviet model of the twenties, the program increased industrial production at the expense of agriculture (Dikotterm, 2010). Millions of peasants moved to cities and China expected to pay the loan of the Soviet grain. It became clear that a new five-year plan would not work. Mao proposed a drastic reorganization of rural labour. The farmers, maintaining subsistence farms, developed the field, irrigation canals and built roads (Adas, Et.al, 2005).

Stalin's first five-year plan included building a steel plant in Magnitogorsk. Implementation of the five-year plan began with agricultural collectivization. The economic policy of industrialization was the next step. Stalin decided to create heavy metals after the classification of hidden political opponents who were a first step towards their own position in the global arena.

Communists in Vietnam War

The Vietnam War is, in part, a legacy of French colonization that ended in 1954 with the humiliating defeat of France at Dien Bien Phu and acceptance of the Geneva Accords. Since 1965, the United States launched air raids on North Vietnam and Communist controlled areas in the south. In 1966, the territory was of South Vietnam with 190,000 U.S. soldiers. North Vietnam received its side arms and technical assistance of the Soviet Union and China. In 1967, South Vietnam found political stability with the election of Nguyen Van Thieu in 1967 (Wiest, 2008). Despite U.S. military aid increased to 550,000 soldiers in 1969, with bombing, the Americans and the South Vietnamese were unable to defeat the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces. Americans touched bottom in 1968 with the famous Tet offensive.

Cold War

The Cold War is a term for the military-political confrontation of states and groups of states, which is an organization of ...