Late Roman Empire and Early Renaissance Era

Late Roman Empire and Early Renaissance Era

Technology

Medieval Europe produced many mechanical marvels even though Roger Bacon's 13th-century inventions did not become reality until the 19th century or the 20th. Water mills and windmills were used for grinding grain, fulling cloth, tanning leather, making paper, cutting logs, smelting iron, and fabricating steel.

Scientists and engineers created ways to harness hydraulic power, wind power, and tidal energy. They eagerly searched for alternative, renewable, perpetual sources of power. Between the 10th and 13th centuries, Western Europe experienced a technological boom. The fulling mill for cloth making, for instance, was ...