PERSONAL COMPUTER

Personal Computer



Personal Computer

IntroductionPersonal computer is one of the significant developments in the history. They are still going through innovation and advancement. A computer is made ??of two structural components with the same level of importance: the physical equipment (hardware) and programs that work (software), which means its great progress to be seen in these two directions. That is, the development of computers is given in two ways, by construction characteristics (circuit, overall system architecture, technology, electronics), and for basic programs it operates. This paper discusses the advancements, application and circumstances of the invention of PC. The effects of this advancement on today's humanities are also discussed. 

Advancement

A personal computer is one intended for individual use, as opposed to a mainframe computer where the end user's requests are filtered through operating staff, or a time- sharing system in which one large processor is shared by many individuals. Advancement of personal computer can be referred to as a generation. With each generation, the circuitry got advanced and smaller than the previous generation. As the result of this miniaturization; speed, power, and memory of computer has increased. New discoveries were constantly made that significantly affected the way an individual live, play, and work. They were mostly of interest to the technicians and the hobbyist initially. The history of personal computers began in the 1970s, since then, remarkable innovations are observed in this industry. After the development of the microprocessor, individual personal computers were low enough in cost that they eventually became affordable consumer goods. Early personal computers - commonly called microcomputers - were sold often in electronic kit form and in limited numbers, and were of interest mostly to hobbyists and technicians (Allan, 2001). It is expected that future computers will have millions of transistors that will perform billion of calculations as there is no end in sight of computers.

A modern digital computer is largely a set of electronic switches, which are used to represent and control the path of data called bits (or bits). The development of the transistor was one of the important inventions for the personal computer revolution. The transistor was invented in 1948 by engineers John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley at Bell Labs. Works like a solid state switch was replaced the bulb that was much less adaptable. The conversion of transistor provoked the trend toward miniaturization which is continued today. In 1959, engineers at Texas Instruments invented the IC (integrated circuit or chip); a semiconductor that contained more than one transistor on the same basis that connects the transistors without wires (Barrett, 2006). The first IC was six transistors. In comparison, the Intel Pentium Pro microprocessor, which is used in many of the most advanced systems, has more than 5.5 million transistors, and integrated cache that include some of these chips contains up to 32 million additional transistors. Currently, many chips have transistors that can be counted in millions. When speaking of computer history, one should realize that even half a century has elapsed since the first invention, so one have to consider other units of measurement of ...