SOCIOLOGY

Sociology

Sociology

Enlightenment

Enlightenment is the era known to be dedicated to the philosophers due to their remarkable reasoning. This period was attributable to the year 1688-1789, the time when mainstream culture and period in the history of Europe was enhanced with many influences. In a broader meaning, this epoch in the history of European culture was between the baroque and romantic. All names reflect the groundbreaking nature of this period. Enlightened, which is freed from all fetters, human reason has to be the light that illumines the way to knowing the truth about the world and man.

People of the Enlightenment's most valued what reason can comprehend. This important feature of the Enlightenment secularization of European countries and the formulation of human rights were mainly due to familiarization in the most important events of enlightenment to the French Revolution (Freely, 2008, pp. 23). The ideas of the republic ruled by freely elected parliament were to become a leaven of the changes taking place in Europe. United Kingdom spite of the system of monarchy followed the same path, which led to the industrial revolution in the next century. Moving further, there were development in Prussia and Austria who managed to create the foundations of a country ruled by councils of philosophers while maintaining a strong power of the monarch and introducing enlightened absolutism.

Moreover, the period further constituted to the new American political system making ??the basis of its constitution. The United States was one of the more successful examples of the age of reason to introduce ideas into practice. At the same time, the ideas of liberalism were installed making the basis for the economic development of the country (Freely, 2008, pp. 23).

Industrial Revolution

The replacement of tools by machines, human energy, and the energy driving the domestic mode of production by the factory system was the Industrial Revolution, revolution, due to the huge impact on the structure of society, a transformation process accompanied by remarkable technological developments (Stalcup, 2002, pp. 145). The Industrial Revolution happened in England in the second half of the eighteenth century and ended the transition between feudalism and capitalism, the phase of primitive accumulation of capital and preponderance of merchant capital on production.

The Stages of industrialization are distinguished in three periods in the process of industrialization worldwide:

1760-1850: The Revolution is restricted to England, the “workshop of the world”. Predominate the production of consumer goods, especially textiles, and steam power.

1850-1900: The Revolution spreads to Europe, America, and Asia: Belgium, France, Germany, USA, Italy, Japan, and Russia. Growing competition, industry goods production develops. The railways expanded new forms of energy such as hydropower and petroleum product. The transport also revolutionizes, with the invention of the locomotive and the steamboat.

1900-Current: This period influenced industrial conglomerates and multinationals. The production is automated; comes to serial production, and explodes society of mass consumption, with the expansion of the media. Moreover, this period advances with technological impact introducing expertise in the chemical and electronics, genetic engineering, robotics.

Moreover, this period brought many technical and logical contributions ...