The history of Muslim Brotherhood and its influence on Egyptian politics

The Muslim Brotherhood

Six Egyptian people, in 1928, hired by British armed forces in the Zone of Suez Canal in Egypt, and met a young schoolteacher, Hassan al-Banna, who was a preacher in coffee houses and mosques on requirement for the renewal of Islamic teachings. They said to him that Muslims and Arabs had no ranks and self-respect, and that they were not able in distinguishing the way for act as he perceived them. Therefore they wanted him to be leader of them; Banna agree to their offer, and founded a Muslim Brothers Society. (Carré 1983, 20-40)

He and his supporters started by initiating a school. In the beginning, the Society was paying attention to Islamic education, with an importance of teaching people how to apply a philosophy of unity and humanity in the daily matters, instead of focusing the issues related to academic. The Education examiner was really happy, mainly by the persuasive lectures of the members of poor people of the society. A carpenter was the Deputy of the society, and employment of poorer classes to top posts was a trademark of the society.

At first, Brotherhood's major assignment was building a mosque, which was completed in the year 1931, for that they handled to increase a big quantity of funds and at the same time sustaining its freedom from donors who were concerned. Same year, the Brotherhood started receiving favorable concentration in the journalists view, and an area office in Cairo was established. (Lia 1998, 50-55)

Banna was moved to Cairo on his demand in 1932, and the head offices of the organization also moved nearby. In management of the Society, he provided lectures in evening on the Islam to the underprivileged of the district around the control center. (Mitchell 1995, 12-35)

After 10 years, the organization rose extremely fast. It expanded to 300 in 1938 from 3 branches initially across Egypt.

Death of Banna didn't delay the Islamism expansion. The Brotherhood established more encouragement from Sayyid Qutb, a fundamental exegete who presented justifications from Qur'an for attacking materialistic leaders of Arab who described themselves as Muslims, but didn't follow the Islamic or shari'a law to run their administrations. He promoted jihad or holy battle, as a method to get rid of the shackles of oppressive secular administrations in his famous book Milestones. (Carré 1983, 20-40)

Ideological Innovations

The society primarily resembled a normal welfare society of Islam. Initially, the actions integrated the low profile community work amongst the poor, constructing and renovating mosques and building several Qur'an schools (whom job in educating people to read and write was essential in a nation where 80 percent people were uneducated), introducing mini lectures and factories, and organizing the gathering and division of zakat (the Islamic tax). While the organization expanded, it established institutions for example hospitals, clinics and pharmacies for common people, as well as commenced a series to educate grown-ups by providing courses at clubs and coffee shops. (Lia 1998, 50-55)

On the ...