THE MONGOL EMPIRE

The Mongol Empire

Abstract

In this study we try to explore the history of the Mongol Empire in a holistic context. The main focus of the research is on the Mongol Empire and the reason of its rise and decline. The research also analyzes many aspects of the Mongol Empire and tries to gauge its effect on its rise and decline.

The Mongol Empire

Introduction

Mongolian Empire was the largest empire in history. Established by Genghis Khan in the year 1206, the empire reached its height to the maximum about 33,000,000 km ², ranged from the peninsula of Korea to the Danube, and had a population of over 100 million, including some of the most advanced and populated nations at the time, as China, Iraq, Iran and the countries of Central Asia and Asia Minor. The warrior, Temudjin, united all the Mongol tribes under his command by the year 1206, when it proclaimed Great Khan, named Genghis Khan. During the war with Western Xia in 1227, Genghis Khan fell ill and died. Genghis Khan's army, despite being relatively little in number, had a well-trained cavalry, archer's experts and discipline among their leaders.

Formation of the State

Having gained a victory over the Tatars and Kerait, Temujin took up ordering his people and troops. In the winter period of 1203-1204, a series of reforms had produced that laid the foundation of the Mongolian state. The most important reform concerns the reorganization of the army, which was divided into thousands, hundreds and tens. Thus, improved control and discipline, and most importantly, the principle of the organization are eradicated tribal forces. Now promotion was determined by personal abilities and dedication to the khan, and not the proximity to the aristocracy.

Temujin also learned lessons from the war, when he was able to almost seamlessly capture unguarded bet Wang Khan. The defeat of the Naiman and Merkit, and execution Jamuqa in autumn of 1205, closed the long war of the steppe. Temujin had remained rivals in the eastern part of the Great Steppe, while the Mongols were ready to appear on the stage of world history (Ratchnevsky, 1992).

In March 1206, near the source of the river Onon going kurultai, where Temujin was elected as Great Khan with the title of Genghis Khan, proclaimed the creation of the Great Mongolian State. The principle of decimal division is not limited to the army, but the entire nation. Thousands, hundreds and tens are now called so many people that had to put the appropriate number of soldiers. As for innovations directly to the army, there stood out even larger troop unit, the Tumen (ten thousand). Personal Guards of Khan grew to the size of Tumen, and included thousands of Bahadar.

Military Arrangement

The Mongol army was, during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the world best for their mobility and strategies that made them brave among their peers. Genghis Khan, Mongolian military and others introduced several innovations that allowed his army to conquer vast territories still being outnumbered in battle they ...