ROLE OF P53

“The role of p53 in vaccines”

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“The role of p53 in vaccines”

Introduction

Tumor protein TP53 commonly known as p53 is a gene which codes protein which in fact regulates and controls the cell cycle ( cell division cycle or cell cycle indicates the sequence of proceedings that takes place when a cell leads to its division and replication. Flint, 2009. 115)and ultimately works for suppression of tumor. It is basically a tumor suppressor (a gene that saves a cell from a single step in moving toward cancer, if the gene is transmuted to instigate increase or decrease in its function, the cell proceeds to cancer with the blending of genetic changes) protein which is encoded as TP53 gene in humans. It has a significant importance in multi-cellular organisms for cancer suppression. It can be explained as “Guardian of Genome” (protector of organism's inherited information, and Genome is basically the sum of inherited information which is encoded as DNA), (Schmitt, 2009. 5). It is also explained as “master watchman” with respect of its function in protecting constancy by precluding genome mutation.

The name p53 is referred because of its molecular mass which is 53-kilodalton (kDA) portion of cell protein on SDS-PAGE (which is a technique commonly used in forensics, genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology in order to secede proteins taking into consideration their electrophoretic mobility). It is based on the measurements from the residues of amino acids; the actual mass of p53 is 43.7kDA. The difference between the actual and stated is because of the existence of large number of proline residues in protein, which ultimately slowdowns the process of its migration on SDS-PAGE, presenting it to be heavier than it is in actual(Levine, 2007. 4). This reaction is experimented with p53 from the multiplicity of species, which included fish, frog, rodents and humans.

When mammalian cells focused to stress signals (chemotherapeutic drugs, DNA damage, radiation or hypoxia) than p53 stimulates, in addition with its instigation, degradation of the dependent protein p53 is blocked. The consequential boost in dependent genes-p53, transcription leads to p-53 intervened initiation of programmed cell cycle or cell death arrest(Levine, 2007. 4). Efficient p53 leads to provide a defensive reaction in opposition of tumor genesis and in fact transmutations of p53 have been observed in almost all types of tumor and are expected to contribute to approximately 50% of all cancers.

P53 Tumor Suppressor P53 Mutation

History

The p53 protein was discovered in 1979 by Arnold Levine, David Lane and William Old, who used to work at Princeton University, Sloan-Kettering Memorial hospital and Dundee University respectively, gratitude to virologic and serologic apprehensive studies. It had been assumed to survive earlier as the target of SV 40 virus, a sprain that generated the development of tumors (Levine, 2007. 4). After that from the observations which showed that it may be this protein was over articulated in untainted embryonic carcinoma cells recommended that it can be the fraction of cellular genome and more over its fusion can be enthused through virus infection ...