MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP ACROSS CULTURES

Management and Leadership across Cultures



Management and Leadership across Cultures

Introduction

The purpose of this paper is to explore and enlighten the concept of leadership and management of tourism in hospitality industry and critically analyze the related theories and strategies that a manager within the industry adopts to address the issues related to the culture diversity. This paper will focus and explore the cross cultural nature of the hospitality industry and enlighten different styles of leadership that can be used by the organizations in order to formulate effective strategies. In addition, this paper also analyzes different theories of motivation through which the tourism in hospitality industry can motivate its internal customers (employees) to meet the goals and objective desired by the organization. These aspects possess utmost importance in the tourism in hospitality industry because it is a diversified business. The employees and customers related to this business industry represent different cultures and ethnicities; this increases the sophistication of the business management and leadership process.

Due to the recent trends of hospitality and tourism based on natural and cultural heritage it is difficult to define the profile of tourists attracted by the type of services offered. Because the diversity of interests is very sophisticated phenomenon and no study of elusive target market has yet been achieved. Therefore, it is very difficult for the leaders of the tourism sector to handle culturally diverse employees and customers. Tourists attracted by the natural and cultural heritage seem to be seeking a broad range of interests and activities to meet their needs. Some of these activities are highly seasonal, but most can be practiced all year, or in low business season also (Jayawardena, 2002, 139-145). There are different types of services offered by the leaders of tourism organizations to their culturally diverse customers. These service packages are designed especially to cater the diverse demands of the customers in order to buy their loyalty.

Tourism as a business really creates a conflict between the non-degradation of the environment (and culture) and the economic cost to the capital invested. By mobilizing people demanding entertainment and distraction in Native cultural spaces, you may not achieve economies of scale, enabling one to achieve an adequate return on capital invested in these package tours. So: how to capture a large enough market niche, as would warrant the tour operator business, and how to proportion it does not become mass tourism, and also how to plan and manage the area to be visited to minimize harmful impacts.

The presence of a combination of several industries and the absence of its inclusion in the system of national accounts of many economies make it difficult to quantify the total economic impact of hospitality industry in a simple way. As a diversified industry, hospitality industry generates a variety of economic impact for which it has been perceived to be a reliable source for economic development for many nations. Over the past 40 years, researchers have examined local residents' attitudes toward tourism based on demographic ...