Work Become More Insecure And Unequal In Canada



Introduction

Inequality refers to the “growing income differences across age groups, gender and disadvantaged group.” The public unconsciously stereotyped a group of people into a lower level of socially created role, which will then eliminate their opportunity to participate in the labor market affect their well-beings. Inequality differs from insecurity, while the former appears in the job recruiting process and the latter is the nature of non-standard jobs that affects people's well-being. Insecurity refers to the “anxiety among other people in terms of income, benefits, job security and skill requirements,” which is features of most non-standard jobs include part-time, temporary, self-employed and marginal jobs while low income, lack of employer-covered protection plan and pension plan and non-unionized employees make up of the consequences. Some differences exist between inequality and insecurity and in this essay, first it will introduce how these phenomena can be explained theoretically. And then, it will show how inequality and insecurity affect different social groups. In the third part, by using the example in Canada, it will analyze that work has become more unequal and insecure in Canada. Following this, it will find out what causes inequality in the labor market. Finally, the essay will recommend what government and employer policies appear to be the most effective in reducing work-related inequalities and insecurities.

Discussion

Difference between Inequality and Insecurity

The difference between inequality and insecurity is shown as the following aspects: first, their definitions are different. Work inequality refers to the fact that for the workers ultimately with the same labor productivity, ability, education, training and experience, they are treated for unequal experiences in the aspects of employment, vocational selection, promotion, wages level, training and other areas, resulting from some non-personal characteristics. However, Job insecurity is an employee's perception that his or her job is uncertain and may come to an end sooner than expected, (Riesel et al., 2007) which reflects a sense of uncertainty and threats caused by the lack of a steady and stable job or not happy for possibly being fired at any time, which is not only the performance of the work experience, but also a perception or expression of concern. From a psychological point of view, job insecurity is a subjective perception of employees for the job characteristics, emotional reflection or the cognition of the work value of in the face of organizational change, social development and other external threats as well as the pressure of circumstances, reflecting the concern of employees for continuing to work and the overall career development.

Factors Influencing Ineqality and Insecurity

Second, the factors influencing and determining inequality and insecurity are different. Work inequality is affected by some non-personal characteristics, mainly referring to race, sex, skin color, age, family background, ethnic tradition, religion, physical fitness and the original nationality. Moreover, work insecurity mainly relies on work background, job importance, job characteristics, and job content, working conditions, space of capacity building, job satisfaction, and career development.

Types:

Third, work inequality and work insecurity have different types of ...